The Evaluation of the Role of Sponsorship (Advertising on Shirts)on theAttitudes of Fans of Iran Football Premier League Popular Teams
Ali
Noorizadeh
Msc Sport Management, University Of Tehran
author
Mahmood
Goodarzi
Professor, Sport Management, University of Tehran
author
Ebrahim
Alidoost Ghahfarokhi
Associate Professor, sport Management, University of Tehran
author
Morteza
Homayounnia
Msc, Sport Management, University Of Tehran
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of sponsorship (advertising on shirts) on the attitudes of fans of Iran football premier league popular teams. The research method was descriptive and application in terms of aim which was conducted as a field. The statistical population consisted of all (over 18 years old) fans of football premier league popular teams(Esteghlal, Tractorsazi and Persepolis) in 2012-13. Since the population size was over than 100000 fans, according to Morgan sampling table, sample had to consist of at least 384 fans. So, 500 questionnaires were distributed and 424 complete questionnaires with 95% responsiveness ratewere returned. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to evaluate the role of sponsorship on the attitude of fans in5 parameters: fans’ attitudes towards the reasons for sponsors, awareness and interest in the brand of sponsors, enhancement of the image of the sponsors, purchase intent and loyalty of fans. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.83). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferentialstatistics (one-sample t test). Results showed that sponsorship (advertisement on shirts) had the greatest role in increasing awareness and interest, positive attitude towards sponsors, enhancingthe image of sponsors andthe loyalty of fans towards the products of sponsors and increasingthe purchase intent of fans respectively. Finally, according to the positive role of sponsorship in all factors and with an emphasis on fans’ quantity and identity, trade organizations and companies can consider sport sponsorship in football as one of the effective strategies to promote their products and services.
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
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1735.5354
9
v.
2
no.
2017
9
20
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61448_5a1075a48ffbf14776f7de910e35f4e7.pdf
The Effect of Saffron Consumption and Intermittent Aerobic Exercise on Spirometryand Physiological Parametersand Blood Pressure in Non-Athletic Boys
ali
akbarnejad
Exercise Physiology, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
author
ALI
Rajabi
Department of Physical Education and Resource Science, Ardebil University, Ardebil, Iran
author
morteza
yari
Exercise Physiology, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
author
Elahe
Mamshali
Exercise Physiology, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of saffron consumption and intermittent aerobic exercise on the spirometryand physiological parameters and blood pressure in non-athletic boys. Accordingly, in a quasi-experimental, double-blinded study, 40 healthy non-athlete male volunteer students of University of MohagheghArdabili(mean age 19.91±3.43 years) were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into 4 groups (each 10 subjects): exercise-placebo, exercise-supplement, supplement and placebo. Supplement and exercise-supplement groups daily consumed a capsule containing 30 mg of saffron powder for 3 monthswhile placebo group consumed placebo. A spirometry was conductedone day before and also after the supplement and placebo protocol. Also, SBP, DBP, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (AMP), pulse pressure, and (the number of breaths in a minute) were collected and data were recorded. For data analysis, paired-sample ttest was used for intra-group comparisons and one-way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) was applied for inter-group comparisons at the significance level (P≤0.05). The results showed that 3 saffron consumption for 3 months and intermittent aerobic exercise increased lung volumes and capacities (P<0.001) and reduced systolic and diastolicblood pressure, heart rate, the number of breaths in a minute (P<0.001). Also, results showed no significant differences between exercise-saffron and saffrongroups in FVC, PEF, FEV1, FIV1 and exercise-saffron and exercise-placebo groups in MVV and PIF. According to theseresults, saffron supplementation and exercise can probably have beneficial effects as clinical applications in the treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases and hypertension.
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
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1735.5354
9
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2
no.
2017
21
33
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61449_7d5cd0bb868258bc7a5b9b393be94da1.pdf
The Study of Factors Affecting Loyalty to Fan-Based Brand Equity(FBBE) in Iran Football Super League Clubs
Mohammad Rasoul
Khodadadi
Assistant Professor and faculty member, University of Tabriz
author
Abolfazl
Farahani
Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
author
Hamid
Ghasemi
Associate Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
author
Habib
Honari
Associate Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, AllamehTabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
This study aimedatinvestigating the factors affecting loyalty to fan-based brand equity (FBBE) of Iran football super league clubs.This study was descriptive-analyticalconductedas a survey. The statistic population consisted of football club fans of Iran 13thfootball super league and 880 subjects were selected as the sample by stratified and cluster random sampling methods. A researcher-made questionnaire of FBBE with 45 items in 7-point Likert scalewas used to collect data. Content validity of the questionnaire (CVI=0.91) was confirmed by 10 experts. In a pilot study, the reliability was obtainedby test-retest (ICC=0.89) and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.81). Data were analyzed by simultaneous multiple regression in SPSS20. The results indicateda high R2 score and the stronger relationship of the model.Durbin-Watson test showed no correlogram and independent errors in criterion variable. F test revealed a linear significant relationship between predictor and the criterionvariables.Brand association attributes, attitudesand identity had significant effectson brand loyalty (P<0.001). The brand association benefits had no significant effect on brand loyalty (P˃0.05). Brand association attitudes with a standardized coefficient of 0.552 had the greatest effect on loyalty.
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
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1735.5354
9
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2
no.
2017
35
49
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61450_273502ab199d1d5071ec549f8e5418e0.pdf
The Effects of Different Ambient Temperatures on the Level of Enzymes Related to Cellular Damage Following Circuit Training Based on Wrestling Technique in Adolescent Wrestlers
Lotfali
Boboli
Associated Professor, Department of physical education and sport sciences, Faculty of education sciences and psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
author
Bahman
Mirzaei
Professor, Exercise Physiology, University Of Gillan
author
Navid
Mohammadi
PhD StudentofExercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of MohagheghArdabili, Ardabil, Iran.
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different ambient temperatures on cellular damage after simulated wrestling training in adolescent wrestlers. From adolescent wrestlers of Kurdistan province who were champions in 2015provincial competitions, 21 wrestlers (age: 15.04±0.8 years, weight: 59.20±12.67 kg, height: 163.47±7.39 cm, body fat percent: 10.03±3.39%) were selected as subjects based on inclusion criteria. Then, according to personal characteristics, subjects were divided into three groups: high temperature, normal temperature and low temperature. After providing the desired ambient temperature (30, 18 and 10°C), subjects completed a training protocol based on wrestling techniques (8 stations in a circle). Blood samples were collected before, immediately and 30 minutes after the training. ANOVA with repeated measures and one-way ANOVA were used to investigate the differences within and among groups respectivelyat a significance level of 0.05. The results indicated that the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) increased in the three groups, but this increase was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Also, the levels of AST and ALT in high temperature group increased more than other groups.The results showed that heat stress could aggravate cellular damage in adolescent wrestlers. Thus, due to the importance of the adolescence period, it is recommended to pay special attention to the ambient temperature of training and competition gyms of this agegroup.
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
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1735.5354
9
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2
no.
2017
51
60
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61452_cb72175749f24c6fdb92f35ff93e5ae5.pdf
An Explanation of the Strategic Plan of Swimming in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province
Hassan
Osivand
Ph.D. in Sport Management,Shomal University, Mazandaran, Iran
author
mohammadhosein
razavi
Associate Professor in Sport Management, Mazandaran UniversityMazandaran, Iran
author
aram
moradi
Ph.D.Student in Sport Management, Shomal University, Mazandaran, Iran
author
Abbas
Osivand
Ph.D. Studentin Sport Management,Islamic Azad University of Mobarakeh, Isfahan, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of the present study was to formulate and explain the strategic plan of swimming in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiariprovince through identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) ofswimming in this province. The present study was a survey performed by a descriptive-analytic method and as a field research. The sample comprised of 34professional swimmers in the province. A researcher-made questionnaire was designed to represent four dimensions including strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Face validity of this questionnaire was approved by a number of university professors and professional swimmers in the province and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha (0.76). SWOT analysis was used to derive strategies and Friedman test was used to rank the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The results showed that swimming in this province currently had 5 strengths, 8 weaknesses, 9 opportunities and 7 threats. The presence of national coaches and instructors in the province as a strength, and lack of special pools for water polo and diving trainingand championships as a weakness were the most important strengths and weaknesses. The results also indicated that strategic position of swimming in internal and external matrix was in aggressive mode. Using SWOT matrix analysis, 5 SO strategies, 4 ST strategies, 4 WO strategies, 4 WT strategies and 10 SWOT mixed strategies were developed to convert the weaknesses to strengths and threats to opportunities so thatthe effects of the weaknesses and threats can reduce and the effects of strengths and opportunities can increase to develop swimming in the province.
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
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1735.5354
9
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2
no.
2017
61
73
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61453_e9d84396cfa271d9e235f95682a5852e.pdf
Pathology of Organizational Training in Sport and Youth Offices of Golestan Province usingThree-Dimensional Model
Bahman
Tayebi
Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Humanities, Gorgan, Iran.
author
Zeynolabedin
Fallah
Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Azad University
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of this study was to investigate the pathology of organizational training in Sport and Youth offices of Golestan province. The method was descriptive survey and this study was conducted as field. The statistical population consisted of all managers, deputies and experts of Sport and Youth offices of Golestan province in 2016 (N=185) and 116 subjects were selected as the sample by Morgan Table. The questionnaires were distributed among the subjects and 103 questionnaires were returned. For data collection, Training Pathology Questionnaire by Mahmoudi (2015) was used. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliability was determined by Cronbach’s alpha (α=0.84). For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The results showed that training malfunctions in all three structural, behavioral and contextual dimensionswere above average inSport and Youth offices of Golestan province. Contextual malfunction showed a more critical situation than the other two (behavioral and structural) dimensions.
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
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1735.5354
9
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2
no.
2017
75
83
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61454_894a468f9c836319c2a1497a42660c22.pdf
Modeling of Organizational InternalFactors Affecting Attracting Sponsors to Wrestling in Iran
Amin
Rashidlamir
Assistant Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Humanities, ,University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran
author
mohammad
khabiri
Associate Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
mahmoud
goodarzi
, Professor, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
author
majid
jalali
Associate Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of this study was to model organizational internal factors affecting attracting sponsors to wrestling. Research method was mixed method of qualitative and quantitative approach. In the qualitative part, after a review of the theoretical literature, a preliminary list of attracting factors were prepared. Then, given this list, qualitative interviews with an elite group were conducted until theoretical saturation. Then, final list of factors attracting sponsors to wrestling was identified. In quantitative part, based on interviews and Arabiet al.(2006) organizational environment model, each factor was assigned to one part of the model based onconceptual similarity. From the obtained factors, those associated with internal environment (48 factors in 7 subscales) that were most repeated and emphasized in articles and interview swere selected as the questionnaire items. AHP method was used to model factors affecting attracting sponsors. Finally, the results showed that factors including marketing system, funds, production/operation, managerial factors, human resources, information system and research and development played the greatest roles in attracting sponsors to wrestling.
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
جهاد دانشگاهی
1735.5354
9
v.
2
no.
2017
85
99
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61455_a346429b3b725d07d187acc5f8241fec.pdf
A Comparison of the Effect of Maximal Aerobic Exercise on Salivary Antioxidant and Immunoglobulin AChanges in Athlete and Non-Athlete Middle-Aged Men
Hamzeh
Abdinejad
MSc student, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
Arsallan
Damirchi
Professor in Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Exercise Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
Reihaneh
Sariri
Professor in Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran, Corresponding
author
text
article
2017
per
Physical activity plays an important role in preventing, delayingand treating problems associated with aging and improving life quality. The aim of the present study was to measure the antioxidant and immunological defense system parameters in order to identify the effect of aerobic exercise. 12 male athletes (age 51.7±4.95 yr, weight 67.5±4.51 kg and BMI 23.93±0.92 kg/m2) and 12 non- athlete men (age 52.91±3.28yr, weight 72.35±5.12 kg and BMI 25.58±0.89kg/m2) were selected by random purposive sampling method. A modified 20m Shuttle Runexperiment was used for exhaustive physical activity. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) andsalivary immunoglobulin A wasmeasured before, immediately after and one hour after maximal aerobic exercise. The results showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes significantly increased immediately after and also one hour after the exercise in both groupscompared with their value before the exercise. On the other hand, no significant differences were observed in the amount of immunoglobulin A before and after the exercise in both groups. During recovery, the activity of SOD and CAT enzymes showed a significant increase in the athlete group compared with the non-athlete group. It seems that a regular physical activity in athletes can induce efficient adaptation and increase antioxidant defense system power against oxidative stress.
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
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1735.5354
9
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2
no.
2017
101
113
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61456_9b3ad6833e15af1669cc4efed9bee794.pdf
Feasibility Study of Organizational Citizenship BehaviorAppearance through Organizational Justice and Trust:
An Explanation of the Role of Organizational Commitment
Javad
Ashoori
MSc of Public Administration, Management of Information Systems, ShahidBeheshti University, Tehran, Iran
author
Mehrdad
Moharamzadeh
Professor of Sport Management and Planning, MohagheghArdabili University, Ardabil, Iran
author
Mahboobeh
Miri
MSc of Sport Management and Planning, Physical Education Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Organizational citizenship behavior is autonomous and meta-functionbehavior that puts employees in a situation that they voluntarilyact beyond the expectations of their jobs and responsibilities. Also, employees’ perceptions of fairness ofpayment and equality in organizational procedures and fairness ofinterpersonal behaviors in an organization on one hand and organizational trust as one of the important sources of competitive advantage on the other hand playa significant role in encouraging and developing the organizational citizenship behavior.The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between perceived justice and trust with organizational citizenship behavior with an emphasis on the mediating role of organizational commitment. For this purpose, the primary conceptual model was derived from theories and models related to the former subjects and researches and it was tested by structural equation modeling.The findings showed that3 factors of perceived justice, organizational trust and organizational commitment directly affected organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational trust had the strongest effect on the independent variable (standard estimate coefficient=0.80).
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
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9
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2
no.
2017
115
130
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61457_42638ba5019ff7cfed1a011632067b2b.pdf
The Effect of 8 Weeks ofEndurance Training and High Intensity Interval Training on Gene Expression of MEF2A and MEF2Din Obese Male Wistar Rats
Mohammadreza
Asad
Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
author
Mohammad
Fashami
Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Physical Education Faculty, ShahidBeheshti University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training (ET) and high intensity interval training(HIIT)on gene expression of MEF2A and MEF2Din obese male Wistarrats. For this purpose, 27 Wistar rats (35-45 days old,mean weight 110+10 g)were divided into 3 groups: obese control with no intervention (n=5), ET (n=8) and HIIT (n=8). At the beginning of the study, samples were collected from 6 rats and 21 rats had a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. When the body weight reached above 310 gbased on Lei index, animals were prepared for the endurance training and HIIT protocols. 48 hours after the last training session in which rats were fasted for 8 hours, gastrocnemius muscle biopsy was performed and they were frozen at -80°C. Gene expression of MEF2A and MEF2D were evaluatedusing PCR-Real Time, descriptive statistics including mean+SD and one-way ANOVA and independent t test after ensuring normal data distribution by KS test (P<0.05). The results showed that 8 weeks of ET and HIIT had no significant effects on MEF2A gene expression in gastrocnemius muscle of obese rats (P=0.068) but 8 weeks of HIIT increased significantlyMEF2D gene expression of this muscle in obese rats (P=0.042). It seems that HIIT protocol in obese male rats can have a beneficial effect on the glucose profile in diabetic conditionsso it can be used by sports specialist and physicians for diabetic patients as a part of their treatment process.
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
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9
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2
no.
2017
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140
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61458_41533e564a51b3a06234f1695dd1528f.pdf
Reengineering in Iran Sport and Youth General Offices of Selected Provinces: A Comparison of the Present and DesirableSituations
Azita
Shahpartofigh
PhD Student of Sport Management, Physical Education Faculty, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
author
Ebrahim
Deldar
MSc of Sport Management, Physical Education Faculty,AllamehTabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of this study was reengineering in Iran Sport and Youth general offices of selected provinces: a comparison of the present and desirablesituations. Thisstudy was descriptive-survey and the population consisted of all staff of Iran Sport and Youth general offices in Iran. As the population was vast, cluster random sampling method was used; therefore, the physical education experts of general offices of 5 provinces were selected as the sample (n=118). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by sport management professors.The reliability of the questionnaire was determined byCronbach’s alpha coefficient. Kolmogorov-Smirnov confirmed normal data distribution. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics(mean, frequency and frequency percentage) and inferential statistics(ANOVA (P<0.05) and LSD post hoc test, factor analysis of variance and paired-sample ttest). The results showeda significant difference between the present and desirablesituationsinreengineering factors (except for information technology factor in desirablesituation) and there was a difference in the present and desirablesituations betweenWest Azerbaijan and other provinces.
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
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1735.5354
9
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2
no.
2017
141
156
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61459_df8f7da777bd529ab10fc841af019b14.pdf
The Effect of One Session of Eccentric Resistance Exercise on Plasma Viscosity, Lipid Profile andPlasma Lipoprotein in Inactive Male Students
Sayyed Morteza
Tayebi
Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology,Researcher in Physiology, Health and Physical Activity, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, AllamehTabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
author
Alireza
Ghanbari
MSc of Exercise Physiology, Education Office, Amol, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The effect of resistance training merely with eccentric contractions which are the result of muscle damage and inflammation on plasma viscosity is not entirely clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of one session of eccentric resistance exercise on plasma viscosity, lipid profile and plasmalipoprotein of inactive male students.12 male inactive students volunteered to participate in this study who were randomly selected and divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental group performed a controlled return exercise(extension) from elbow flexion movementwhich included an eccentric contraction. Blood samples werecollected 30 min. before, immediately, 2 and 24 hours after the exercise to measure coagulation factors. Although high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides and total cholesterol didnot change significantly, plasma viscosity significantly increased in response to the exercise and significantly decreased during recovery (P=0.047).The plasma volume significantly decreased in response to the exercise and significantly increased during recovery (P=0.007). Although inappropriate results (decreased plasma volume and increased plasma viscosity) were observed because of acute eccentric resistance exercise, the alterations were totally reversed after 2-24 hours of recovery and the plasma viscosity returned under the baseline as the plasma volume elevated to the level above the baseline. In other words, there was a supercompensation body response against the acute effect ofthe exercise.
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
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2
no.
2017
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168
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61460_98f4df925a230f628f93215772244e5b.pdf
he Effect of Social Capital on Organizational Silence of Employees in Sport and Youth Offices in West Iran
Sayyed salahedin
Naghshbandi
PhD Student of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
author
Bahram
Yousefi
Associate Professor of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
author
Shirin
Zardoshtian
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Physical Education, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
Productivity and development of any organization is largely dependent on proper utilization of human resources in organizations. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of social capital on organizational silence of employees in Sport and Youth offices in west Iran. The study was descriptive and correlation conducted as a field. The statistical population included all employees in Sport and Youth offices in west Iran. The sample was equal to the population (census sampling method) due to the small number of population. Organizational Social Capital Questionnaire of Kouvonen et al. (2006) and Organizational Silence Questionnaire of Vakula and Buradas (2005) were used to collect data. University professors examined and confirmed the face and content validity of these questionnaires. There was a pilot study to measure reliability using Cronbach alpha correlation coefficient (organizational silence questionnaire=0.90 and social capital questionnaire=0.86). Results showed that social capital had a significant relationship with organizational silence, and the effect of social capital on organizational silence was reverse, that is to say when social capital increased, organizational silence decreased. Totally, an appropriate model of the relationship between social capital and organizational silence was provided.
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
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2
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2017
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181
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61461_a28916c19e571e573a592480bf15d237.pdf
Identifying and Prioritizing Factors Influencing Spectators' Loyalty to BrandinTehran Popular Clubs of Soccer Premier League
h
g
MSc Student of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
nasrollah
sajjadi
Associated professor, Faculty of physical education and sport sciences.Tehran University
author
Homeilla
Takalli
PhD of Sport Management, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2017
per
The aim of this studywas to identify and prioritize those factors influencing spectators' loyalty to the brands of Tehran popular clubs ofsoccerpremier league. The method was descriptive-survey and application considering its aim.325 spectators who purchased tickets of one of the Esteghlal and Persepolis home matches and attended the stadium filled out a researcher-made questionnaire (41 items).Internal consistencyofthe items was calculated by Cronbach's alpha(α=0.841). Descriptive statistics were used to describespectators' demographic characteristics and K-S test was used to assess the normality of the collected data. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine those factors influencing the spectators' loyalty. Five factorsof financial-welfare, stadium management, emotional, technical quality, and information-communication were identified. In order to prioritizethe factors affecting spectators' loyalty and their re-attendance in stadium, the explained variance of each factor(eigenvalue)wasassessed and the factors were respectively prioritized as follows: financial-welfare, stadium management, emotional, technical quality and information-communication.
Sport Physiology & Management Investigations
جهاد دانشگاهی
1735.5354
9
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2
no.
2017
183
195
https://www.sportrc.ir/article_61462_c2faf4e37c4400b039b1d2071030c14c.pdf